►在1型自身免疫性肝炎、慢性HCV感染，以及乳糜泻 (IgA亚型)患者中检出；在系统性自身免疫性风湿疾病中极为罕见 (17)

►如果临床上疑似为1型自身免疫性肝炎，推荐确认平滑肌抗体的反应性 (IgG亚型)，通常可通过基于啮齿动物组织 (肝、胃、肾) 的间接免疫荧光法进行检测；抗平滑肌抗体已被纳入1型自身免疫性肝炎的国际标准 (17, 80)

►F肌动蛋白 (F-actin) 是1型自身免疫性肝炎中抗平滑肌抗体的主要靶抗原；F肌动蛋白的自身抗体比G肌动蛋白(G-actin) 抗体更具临床意义 (81-83)

注：尽管抗F肌动蛋白的免疫检测试剂已经商品化，但还应考虑到与这些免疫检测分析的敏感性有关的技术问题。

► Found in patients with AIH type 1, chronic HCV infection, and celiac disease (IgA isotype); rare in SARD (17)

► If AIH type 1 is clinically suspected, it is recommended to confirm reactivity with smooth muscle antibodies (IgG isotype), typically detected by IIFA on rodent tissue (liver, stomach, kidney); anti-smooth muscle antibodies are included in the international criteria for AIH type 1 (17,80)

► F-actin is the main target antigen of anti-smooth muscle antibodies in AIH type 1; autoantibodies to F-actin are of more clinical importance than antibodies to G-actin (81–83)

Notes: Although anti-F-actin immunoassays are commercially available, technical issues relating to the sensitivity of these immunoassays should be taken into consideration.

17. Conrad K, Schössler W, Hiepe F. Autoantibodies in organ specific autoimmune diseases. a diagnostic reference. 8. 2th edn. Autoantigens autoantibodies autoimmunity, 2017.

80. Liberal R, Grant CR, Longhi MS, et al. Diagnostic criteria of autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:435–40.

81. Lidman K, Biberfeld G, Fagraeus A, et al. Anti-actin specificity of human smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1976;24:266–72.

82. Fusconi M, Cassani F, Zauli D, et al. Anti-actin antibodies: a new test for an old problem. J Immunol Methods 1990;130:1–8.

83. Chretien-Leprince P, Ballot E, Andre C, et al. Diagnostic value of anti-F-actin antibodies in a French multicenter study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1050:266–73.

17. Conrad K, Schössler W, Hiepe F. Autoantibodies in organ specific autoimmune diseases. a diagnostic reference. 8. 2th edn. Autoantigens autoantibodies autoimmunity, 2017.

80. Liberal R, Grant CR, Longhi MS, et al. Diagnostic criteria of autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:435–40.

81. Lidman K, Biberfeld G, Fagraeus A, et al. Anti-actin specificity of human smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1976;24:266–72.

82. Fusconi M, Cassani F, Zauli D, et al. Anti-actin antibodies: a new test for an old problem. J Immunol Methods 1990;130:1–8.

83. Chretien-Leprince P, Ballot E, Andre C, et al. Diagnostic value of anti-F-actin antibodies in a French multicenter study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1050:266–73.

►据报道，在乳糜泻中IgA和/或IgG型抗肌动蛋白抗体流行率高(1,2)

►3例HCV阳性的慢性肝炎/肝硬化患者曾检测到针对非肌细胞肌球蛋白的自身抗体 (3)

►曾报道在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者中检测到抗非肌细胞肌球蛋白单克隆抗体(4)

注：针对非肌肉肌球蛋白的特异性免疫检测试剂目前尚未商品化。

► High prevalence of IgA and/or IgG type anti-actin antibody has been reported in celiac disease (1, 2)

► Autoantibodies to non-muscle myosin have been described in 3 patients with HCV-positive chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis (3)

► Monoclonal antibodies to non-muscle myosin have been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (4).

Note: Specific immunoassays for non-muscle myosin are currently not commercially available.

1. Pedreira S, Sugai E, Moreno ML, et al. Significance of smooth muscle/anti-actin autoantibodies in celiac disease. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2005;35:83-93.

2. Clemente MG, Musu MP, Frau F, et al. Immune reaction against the cytoskeleton in coeliac disease. Gut 2000;47:520-6.

3. von Muhlen CA, Chan EKL, Peebles CL, et al. Non-muscle myosin as target antigen for human autoantibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 1995;100:67-74.

4. Chu CC, Catera R, Hatzi K, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies with a common stereotypic rearrangement recognize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. Blood 2008;112:5122-9.

1. Pedreira S, Sugai E, Moreno ML, et al. Significance of smooth muscle/anti-actin autoantibodies in celiac disease. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2005;35:83-93.

2. Clemente MG, Musu MP, Frau F, et al. Immune reaction against the cytoskeleton in coeliac disease. Gut 2000;47:520-6.

3. von Muhlen CA, Chan EKL, Peebles CL, et al. Non-muscle myosin as target antigen for human autoantibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 1995;100:67-74.

4. Chu CC, Catera R, Hatzi K, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies with a common stereotypic rearrangement recognize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. Blood 2008;112:5122-9.